Many religious and spiritual traditions emphasize the sanctity of life and have teachings that encourage adherents to refrain from killing. Here’s a list of some teachings or guidelines from various religious traditions that speak to this principle:
1. Christianity
The Ten Commandments: The commandment "Thou shall not kill" (Exodus 20:13) is explicit in prohibiting killing.
Teachings of Jesus: Jesus promotes love and forgiveness. He says, "You have heard that it was said to the people long ago, 'You shall not murder, and anyone who murders will be subject to judgment.'" (Matthew 5:21).
2. Islam
The Quran: “...if anyone killed a person not in retaliation of murder, or (and) to spread mischief in the land - it would be as if he killed all mankind...” (Quran 5:32).
Hadith: Prophet Muhammad teaches, "Do not kill any old person, any child, or any woman” (Abu Dawud).
3. Judaism
The Ten Commandments: Like Christianity, Judaism adheres to the commandment "You shall not murder" (Exodus 20:13).
Talmud: There are various teachings against violence and murder in the Talmud.
4. Buddhism
The First Precept: The first of the Five Precepts in Buddhism is to abstain from taking life ("Panatipata veramani sikkhapadam samadiyami").
The Noble Eightfold Path: Right action, which involves non-violence and not killing, is an essential element of the path.
5. Hinduism
Ahimsa: This is the principle of non-violence, which is highly regarded in Hinduism. It involves not causing harm or violence to any living being.
The Bhagavad Gita: Although it features a battlefield conversation, the text ultimately emphasizes Dharma (righteousness) and discourages unwarranted violence.
6. Sikhism
Guru Granth Sahib: The primary scripture emphasizes a life of love and non-violence. However, Sikhs are also taught to defend the defenseless.
Guru Tegh Bahadur: The ninth Guru sacrificed his life for the protection of the Hindu community, exemplifying defense without aggression.
7. Jainism
Ahimsa: Much like Hinduism, non-violence is central to Jainism, and it’s even more absolute. It requires adherents to be mindful not to harm any form of life.
Tirthankara Mahavira: He taught rigorous principles of non-violence, stating that one should be non-violent in thoughts, words, and deeds.
8. Baha'i Faith
Baha'u'llah’s Teachings: Emphasize the unity of humanity and discourage violence. There is a significant focus on creating a peaceful and united world.
The Kitáb-i-Aqdas: Discourages violence and emphasizes the importance of justice and fairness in society.
9. Zoroastrianism
Holy Zend Avesta: Teaches that life is a gift from Ahura Mazda (God) and should be preserved and respected.
Ahura Mazda: Is seen as a god of wisdom and light, promoting peace and harmony among his creations.
10. Shinto
Kami: All life is considered sacred because it is inhabited by Kami (spiritual beings or gods).
Harmony: Maintaining harmony and avoiding conflict is crucial in Shinto practices and beliefs.
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