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Post-modern Behavioral Addictions (TOEFL/SAT/ etc. Reading Comprehension Practice)

Post-modern Behavioral Addictions

In an era dominated by technology and digital media, a new category of addictions has emerged, known as post-modern behavioral addictions. These addictions are characterized not by dependency on substances, but by compulsive engagement in rewarding non-substance-related behaviors.

One of the most prevalent forms of post-modern addiction is internet addiction, which includes a variety of behaviors such as compulsive use of social media, online gaming, and excessive browsing. Social media addiction, in particular, has been linked to various mental health issues including anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem. The constant need for social validation and the fear of missing out (FOMO) drive individuals to spend excessive amounts of time on social media platforms.

Another significant form of post-modern addiction is video game addiction, which often involves multiplayer online role-playing games. These games can provide a sense of community and accomplishment, but excessive play can lead to neglect of personal relationships, work, and even basic self-care.

Smartphone addiction is also on the rise, with individuals becoming increasingly dependent on their devices for various activities, ranging from communication to entertainment. This dependency often leads to problems like disrupted sleep patterns, reduced physical activity, and impaired social interactions.

The treatment of post-modern behavioral addictions often involves cognitive-behavioral therapy, which helps individuals understand and change their addictive behaviors. In addition, developing a balanced relationship with technology and setting healthy boundaries are crucial steps in overcoming these modern-day challenges.

Comprehension Questions:

1. What distinguishes post-modern behavioral addictions from traditional addictions?
a) They involve the use of digital media.
b) They are based on substance dependency.
c) They are less prevalent in society.
d) They only affect younger generations.
2. Which mental health issues are associated with social media addiction?
a) Increased self-esteem and happiness
b) Anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem
c) Improved social skills
d) Enhanced physical health
3. What is a common consequence of video game addiction?
a) Improved cognitive abilities
b) Strengthened personal relationships
c) Neglect of personal relationships and responsibilities
d) Increased physical activity
4. Why is smartphone addiction becoming more prevalent?
a) Smartphones are becoming less expensive.
b) People use smartphones for a limited range of activities.
c) Smartphones are central to many daily activities.
d) Smartphones are less entertaining than other devices.
5. What is a key approach in treating post-modern behavioral addictions?
a) Prescribing medication
b) Avoiding all forms of technology
c) Cognitive-behavioral therapy and setting boundaries with technology
d) Increasing the time spent on these behaviors

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TOEFL/IELTS Reading Comprehension Practice: MLK and the Civil Rights Movement

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and the Civil Rights Movement

[Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and the Civil Rights Movement

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., an iconic figure in American history, played a pivotal role in the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s. His advocacy for nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience was inspired by the teachings of Mahatma Gandhi and rooted in Christian beliefs. King's leadership in the struggle against racial segregation and discrimination is a defining feature of this period in American history.

King's most famous moment, the "I Have a Dream" speech, delivered during the March on Washington in 1963, is celebrated for its powerful vision of racial harmony and equality. This speech not only inspired millions but also exerted significant influence on the enactment of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. These pieces of legislation were crucial in dismantling legal segregation and ensuring voting rights for African Americans.

However, King's journey was marked by numerous challenges, including arrests, violence, and widespread opposition. His nonviolent approach often put him at odds with more radical factions within the movement. Despite these obstacles, King's commitment to achieving civil rights through peaceful means remained unshaken.

Tragically, King's life was cut short when he was assassinated in 1968. His death sparked a wave of mourning and protests across the nation. Today, Dr. King's legacy is remembered as a symbol of hope, justice, and the ongoing fight for equality. His birthday is observed as a national holiday in the United States, honoring his contributions and the enduring impact of his work.]

Questions:

1. What was a central aspect of Dr. King's approach in the Civil Rights Movement?
a) Armed resistance
b) Nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience
c) Political lobbying
d) Economic boycotts
2. What was the significance of Dr. King's "I Have a Dream" speech?
a) It led directly to his assassination.
b) It highlighted the economic disparities between races.
c) It was a turning point in the Vietnam War.
d) It influenced major civil rights legislation.
3. What challenges did Dr. King face in his activism?
a) Widespread support and acceptance
b) Financial prosperity
c) Arrests, violence, and opposition
d) Lack of public speaking skills
4. How did Dr. King's assassination impact the nation?
a) It resulted in the immediate end of the Civil Rights Movement.
b) It led to the establishment of the Nobel Peace Prize.
c) It sparked mourning and protests nationwide.
d) It diminished the significance of his work.
5. What is a legacy of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.?
a) The decline of nonviolent protest
b) His birthday is observed as a national holiday
c) The end of racial discrimination
d) The cessation of the Civil Rights Movement

เรียนภาษาอังกฤษจากวาทะดลใจ กับ ดร. เพียงดิน รักไทย EP. 19